TIME has published an analysis arguing that Turkey’s 2017 decision to purchase the Russian made S-400 air defense system has resulted in significant financial loss for Ankara. While the move was initially presented as a symbol of national sovereignty, the magazine says its long term costs have proven substantial.
Turkey signed a $2.5 billion deal with Russia in 2017 amid strained relations with NATO allies following the failed coup attempt in 2016.
The decision led to Turkey’s removal from the F-35 fighter jet program, despite Ankara having paid more than $1.4 billion and Turkish defense firms being part of the supply chain. TIME estimates the total financial loss from the program exit at around $9 billion. In addition, the United States imposed sanctions on Turkey in 2020 under CAATSA, targeting its defense procurement authority.
Although the S-400 systems were delivered in 2019, they were never fully operational and were effectively shelved after a limited test in 2020. According to Bloomberg, Turkey raised the possibility of returning the systems and seeking compensation during talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin in December 2025, signaling a potential reassessment of the policy.
TIME notes that Washington has indicated Turkey could rejoin the F-35 program if it completely abandons the S-400s, a move that could help reset strained U.S.-Turkey defense ties.
